GLOBALISATION
JENICEK,V.
Abstract
Globalisation was evoked by the technological, social
and cultural changes and has thus decreased the economic distances among countries
considerably. Improvement of transport and communication technologies lowered
transport costs of commodities, people and information. The traditional governmental
policies restricting the trans-border transactions were mitigated or removed,
in the consequence of which international trade and foreign direct investments
(FDI) increased. Globalisation is changing the world economy properties and
influences the basis of the successful economic development approaches, what
in turn increases the possibilities of private individuals and enterprises,
but decreases the possibilities of politicians in the traditional sphere. Therefore,
globalisation means that markets, investments and inter-enterprise relationships
are still less limited by national borders. All this owing to the trans-national
companies (TNC), FDI, common enterprises, common research and development or
technological licences.
The globalisation speed increases namely with the speed of scientific and technological
development. Under the impact of its tempestuous development, there was reached
not only a pronounced development of the economic life internalisation, but
also of the innovation dynamism in the technological sense.
Globalisation is supported by liberalisation and vice versa, globalisation speeds
liberalisation. The key liberalisation point in all countries was increasing
of the external openness. Liberalisation has enlarged the efficient economic
space and backed the globalisation process. Producers and investors behave,
still more, as if world economy was just one market with the regional and national
sub-areas, rather than the grouping of national economies connected by trade
and investment flows. However, the globalisation level of trade, FDI, international
finances and labour mobility is different.
The phenomenon of globalisation leads to increasing the mutual interdependence
of national economies as well as of the mutually connected economic activities
in the sphere of trade, investments, money and finances. The ability of national
policies to reach national goals through the means available is decreasing,
while the abroad policies and development increase their impact on economic
development.
Key words:
globalisation, world economy, theoretical issues of
globalisation, basic concept of globalisation, transnational corporation (TNC),
foreign direct investment (FDI)