WILDLIFE IN NATIONAL PARK OF NIOKOLO-KOBA (SENEGAL) AND ITS ECOLOGICAL BACKGROUND, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO DIET OF GIANT ELAND
NEZERKOVA, P., HAJEK, I.
Abstract
In 2000 two field studies were conducted in Senegal
under the aegis qflATS CUA, Prague, within the frame of the Project "Antelope
breeding in selected countries of West Africa for the purpose of their economic
utilisation " supported by Ministry of Foreign Affaires of the Czech Republic.
The aim was to study the ecology and environment of antelopes in the Niokolo-Koba
National Park in East Senegal with a special focus on Giant Eland (Taurotragus
derbianus derbianus). During the first fieldwork in April 2000 the aerial and
ground observations of large game were carried out. The results of census confirmed
the overall decline of numbers of animals during the last ten years. The results
concerning Giant Eland estimate 90 -150 individuals. Comparison of numbers of
this antelope is not possible, no other data are available. Although Giant Eland
has the status of one of the most endangered species and has consequently a
special position among other species, the previous census carried out in the
Park contains no data concerning its numbers. In December 2000, studies of ecological
factors and environment of antelopes completed the research. It was confirmed
that the vegetation in Niokolo-Koba National Park is well preserved and provides
the antelopes with suitable scenery and sufficient nutrition. Special attention
was aimed at the diet of Giant Eland. Concerning the diet and nutritional behaviour,
this antelope is highly specialised. Tracts of browsing on plants were observed,
consequently 32 plant species were indicated as apart of diet of Giant Eland.
On the basis of zoological, botanical and complete ecological research, we presented
to our partners in Senegal (Direction des Pares Nationaux de Senegal) the project
of efficient practical measures for intensification of the protection of antelopes,
especially of the endangered species of Giant Eland. A thorough and long-lasting
research in the Park is highly recommended. The results will be used, among
others, as an important basis for antelope breeding in the region of West Africa.
Key words:
Niokolo-Koba National Park, West Africa, antelopes,
Taurotragus derbianus, census, ecology, vegetation