FATTENING BROILERS ON LOCAL AVAILABLE FEED UNDER ADVERSE TEMPERATURES IN PERIURBAN AREA OF BAMAKO CITY, MALI, WESTERN AFRICA
FANTOVA, M., MATLOVA, V.
Abstract
Commercial broilers of Cobb (C) and Ross (R) strains
were fattened during September-November, at abundant temperatures (23,9-38,2°C)
inperiurban location of Bamako, Mali. Days 1-7 post hatch growth development
was strengthened by feeding commercial starter (21,6% protein), days 8-42 broilers
were fed with custom made mixture based on available components with bone (BM)-
or fish (FM)-meals containing 12,5% and 16% protein. On day 42, broilers C fed
FM reached 1679 g live weight, 66,2% carcass yield and 198 gprotein/1 OOg meat,
Rfed FM 1476 g, 67,4 % and 199 g/lOOg meat. Both C and R fed BM grew slower
(773g-65%~181g/100g, and 726g- 62,4%-183g/100g). By extending fattening period
7 days longer CFM and RFM reached 1742g/68 7% and 1576 g/67,4% as for live weight
/carcass yield. Neither CBM nor RBM have reached comparable results even until
63 days of fattening (CBM 1404g/70,2% and RBM 1275g/71,3%). About 3% of birds
in both groups gained after 63 days less than 1000 g live weight. More favourable
feed to live weight ratio (FLR) was achieved with fish meal mixture (1,92 compared
to 3,54 with bone-and-meat meal). Extending fattening period by 7 days resulted
in higher weight gain but less favourable FLR (2,24). The possibility of keeping
chicken alive 1 to 3 weeks beyond the 6-week period, to be able to follow possible
fluctuation in market demand with no chance of frozen storage, was tested. In
day 56 and 63 post hatch, the weight gain increased by 66-72% compared to 42
days but simultaneously FLR increased to 3,70 and 4,10. Growth rate was influenced
by feed intake suppression due to heat stress, after the daily average temperature
exceeded the optimum more than 10%. Since day 22, daily temperature reached
107-164% optimal range, daily feed consumption dropped on 87-60% of advisable
amount. Decreased body weight gain of the R birds in response to the heat stress
was much more severe than that of the C birds.
Key words:
broiler fattening, periurban farming, heat stress,
local available feeds